火六局是什么意思
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Neofeminism is a contemporary feminist perspective that emphasizes women's empowerment through the embrace of traditional femininity, emphasizing personal choice, and self-expression. Rooted in the belief that autonomy can coexist with the celebration of appearance, lifestyle, and sexuality, neofeminism promotes an individual's freedom to define their own identities across personal and public spheres.
Often associated with pop culture figures like Beyoncé, neofeminism highlights themes such as independence, sexual agency, and self-love. It challenges restrictive gender norms while affirming that femininity itself can be a powerful and liberating force.[1]
Neofeminism embraces intersectionality and critiques the social construction of the gender binary, advocating for a more inclusive and individualized approach to feminism. It also recognizes that much of the psychological harm done to boys and men is caused by societal pressures to embody and reinforce masculinity. [2][3]
The term was often used in the early 21st century to refer to what critics derided as a "lipstick feminism" that confined women to stereotypical roles, negating the cultural freedoms women had gained through the second-wave feminism of the 1960s and 1970s in particular.[citation needed]
Origins
[edit]The term has been used since the beginning of second-wave feminism to refer broadly to any recent manifestation of feminist activism, mainly to distinguish it from the first-wave feminism of the suffragettes. It was used in the title of a best-selling 1982 book by Jacques J. Zephire about French feminist Simone de Beauvoir, Le Neo-Feminisme de Simone de Beauvoir (Paris: Denoel/Gonthier 9782282202945). Zephir used the term to differentiate de Beauvoir's views from writers described as "Neofeminist", such as literary theorist Luce Irigaray, who indicated in her own writing that women had an essentialist femininity that could express itself in écriture féminine (feminine writing/language), among other ways. Céline T. Léon has written, "one can only identify the existentialist's [de Beauvoir's] glorification of transcendence with the type of feminism that Luce Irigaray denounces in Ce sexe qui n'en est pas un: "Woman simply equal to men would be like them and therefore not women"."[page needed]
De Beauvoir's views were quite the opposite:
Over and against the neofeminists' attempts at getting rid of phallogocentrism and creating a new [feminine] writing style, she denounces as a contradiction this imprisonment of women in a ghetto of difference/singularity: "I consider it almost antifeminist to say that there is a feminine nature which expresses itself differently, that a woman speaks her body more than a man."[4]
Later writers and popular culture commentators appear to have continued this use of the term to describe essentialist feminism. It has been used by sociologists to describe a new popular culture movement that "celebrates both the feminine body and women's political achievements":
Women do and should realize their autonomy through their femininity in its "Elle magazine form" (Chollet 2004). Neofeminism champions the free choice of women in appearance, lifestyle, and sexuality. This consumerist orientation retains the advances of legal equality in political space but urges women to celebrate their femininity in their personal lives, a category that includes careers, clothing, and sexuality.[5]
Other uses
[edit]The feminist film scholar Hilary Radner has used the term neofeminism to characterize the iteration of feminism advocated by Hollywood's spate of romantic comedies inaugurated by Pretty Woman (Gary Marshall, 1990) often described as postfeminist. Radner argues that the origins of neofeminism can be traced back to figures such as Helen Gurley Brown writing in the 1960s, meaning that the term postfeminism (suggesting that these ideas emerged after second-wave feminism) is potentially misleading.[6]
See also
[edit]- Anti-abortion feminism
- Difference feminism
- Equity feminism
- French feminism
- Gaze
- Objectification
- Postgenderism
- Sociology of the family § Sociology of motherhood
References
[edit]- ^ Rylander, Jessica (2025-08-05). "Beyoncé and the Neo-Feminist Movement Part 1 – How the Popular Songstress Influences Public Policy and Positive Social Change Through the Celebration of Female Empowerment". PA TIMES Online. Retrieved 2025-08-05.
- ^ "Neo-Feminism". Dr. P-J. Retrieved 2025-08-05.
- ^ Foundation, P. F. E. (2025-08-05). "Women's safety and the excesses of neo-feminism". Patriotes pour l'Europe | Fondation politique européenne. Retrieved 2025-08-05.
- ^ Leon, Celine T. (2010). Margaret A. Simons (ed.). Feminist Interpretations of Simone de Beauvoir. Pennsylvania State University Press. pp. 150–152. ISBN 9780271041759.
- ^ Bowen, John R. (2010). Why the French Don't Like Headscarves: Islam, the State, and Public Space. Princeton University Press. p. 219. ISBN 9781400837564.
- ^ Hilary, Radner (2011). Neo-feminist Cinema: Girly Films, Chick Flicks and Consumer Culture. New York: Routledge. ISBN 9780415877732.